• Quantifies and forecasts the markets for technologies that capture and sequester CO₂, including "air capture" technologies.
• Analyzes applications of CCS technologies and estimates their adoption rates in various industries and utilities.
• Covers legislative drivers in the U.S. and abroad.
• Provides complete R&D update, patent analysis, and international developments.
• Estimates market shares of equipment producers.
• Includes company profiles.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter- 1: SUMMARY

  

    
SUMMARY TABLE VALUE CUMULATIVE CAPITAL BASE OF CARBON   CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2012 ($   BILLIONS)
  
  

    
SUMMARY FIGURE CUMULATIVE CAPITAL BASE FOR CARBON CAPTURE   TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, 2005-2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  


Chapter- 2: OVERVIEW

  

    
TECHNOLOGIES EXAMINED
  
  
  

    
USERS OF THE CARBON CAPTURE   TECHNOLOGIES
  
  

    
OTHER FACTORS
  
  
  

    
TABLE 1 COMPARISON COST OF ELECTRICITY WITH CARBON   CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY, 2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 1 COST PER KWH FOR CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY,   2007
  


Chapter- 3: PRE-COMBUSTION: INTEGRATED GASIFICATION COMBINED   CYCLE

  

    
TABLE 2 WORLDWIDE IGCC PLANT GROWTH PROJECTIONS: SYNGAS   PRODUCTION VS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2012 (MWTH* VS   MWE**)
  
  

    
TABLE 3 WORLDWIDE IGCC PLANT GROWTH PROJECTIONS:   CUMULATIVE VALUE OF SYNGAS AND ELECTRIC PLANTS, THROUGH 2012 ($   BILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 2 WORLDWIDE IGCC PLANT APPLICATION PROJECTIONS:   SYNGAS VS ELECTRICITY, 2005-2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
IGCC ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
  
  

    
TABLE 4 U.S. AND ROW IGCC CAPITAL BASE PROJECTIONS,   THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 5 PROJECTED U.S. AND ROW IGCC MEGAWATT BASE FOR   POWER, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 6 U.S. POWER FROM TRADITIONAL COAL PLANTS VS IGCC   COAL PLANTS, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 3 U.S. MARKET SHARES OF ELECTRIC POWER:   TRADITIONAL COAL-FIRED VS. IGCC COAL POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
IGCC APPLICATION MARKET
  


Chapter- 4: IGCC APPLICATION DISTRIBUTION

  

    
FIGURE 4 IGCC TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS, 2007   (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 5 UTILITY GASIFICATION PROJECT MARKET   SHARES
  
  

    
BY COMPANY, 2007
  
  

    
TABLE 7 IGCC APPLICATION MARKET SHARES,   2007
  
  

    
TECHNOLOGY DISTRIBUTION
  
  

    
FIGURE 6 IGCC MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY SYNGAS PRODUCTION,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 8 GASIFICATION COMPANY MARKET SHARES BY SYNGAS   OUTPUT AND NUMBER OF PROJECTS, 2007 (NM3/D)
  
  

    
TABLE 9 PROJECTED U.S. AND REST OF WORLD IGCC MEGAWATT   BASE FOR POWER, THROUGH 2012 (MW/NO. OF PROJECTS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 7 PROJECTED U.S. AND REST OF WORLD IGCC GROWTH,   2005-2012 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 10 PLANNED MEGAWATTS OF IGCC POWER PLANTS WORLDWIDE   BY COUNTRY, 2012 (MW)
  
  
  

    
FIGURE 8 WORLDWIDE IGCC MARKET SHARE PROJECTIONS BY   COUNTRY BASED ON MEGAWATT CAPACITY, 2012 (%)
  
  

    
IGCC APPLICATIONS: US IGCC PLANTS AND   PROJECTS
  
  

    
TABLE 11 U.S. IGCC PLANTS, 1995-2012
  
  
  

    
TABLE 12 POST-2012 U.S. ANNOUNCED U.S. IGCC   PROJECTS
  
  

    
REST OF WORLD IGCC PROJECTS
  
  

    
TABLE 13   REST OF WORLD IGCC PROJECTS, TO   2012
  
  
  

    
TABLE 14 POST-2012 REST OF WORLD IGCC   PROJECTS
  
  

    
IGCC TECHNOLOGY
  
  

    
TABLE 15 COAL PLANT EFFICIENCY COMPARISON OF IGCC,   SUBCRITICAL PC, SUPERCRITICAL PC, AND ULTRA SUPERCRITICAL PC BY COAL TYPE   (%)
  
  

    
IGCC MAJOR COMPONENTS
  
  

    
TABLE 16 MAJOR IGCC COMPONENTS: COST AND PLANT FUNCTION   (%)
  
  

    
Coal Handling Equipment
  
  

    
Gasifier
  
  

    
Moving-Bed Reactors
  
  

    
Fluidized-Bed Reactors
  
  

    
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion
  
  

    
Entrained-Flow Reactors
  
  

    
Syngas Cleanup
  
  

    
Combined Cycle Power Block
  
  

    
Balance of IGCC Plant
  
  

    
TABLE 17 WORLDWIDE MARKET PROJECTIONS FOR ON-SITE   PRE-COMBUSTION COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 9 SCHEMATIC IGCC PROCESS
  
  

    
METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
  
  

    
NEW DEVELOPMENTS
  
  

    
PROCESS ECONOMICS
  
  

    
TABLE 18 AVERAGE NGCC, PC, AND IGCC POWER PLANT CAPITAL   COSTS WITHOUT AND WITH CO2 CAPTURE, 2007 ($/MILLION MW)
  
  

    
PROCESS COMPARISON
  
  

    
TABLE 19 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES OF IGCC VS BEST   PC
  
  

    
TABLE 20 COMPARISON OF IGCC, SUBCRITICAL PC, AND   SUPERCRITICAL PC CO2 EMISSIONS (LB/MWH)
  
  

    
TABLE 21 COMPARISON OF GE, CONOCOPHILLIPS, AND SHELL   TECHNOLOGIES COSTS AND EFFICIENCY
  
  

    
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
  
  

    
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES
  
  

    
TABLE 22 IGCC ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES
  
  

    
TABLE 22 (CONTINUED)
  
  

    
TABLE 23 IGCC VS PC WITH ADVANCED POLLUTION CONTROLS   ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARISON
  
  

    
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE   ANALYSIS
  
  

    
TABLE 24 WORLDWIDE PROJECTED MARKET SHARES OF IGCC FOR   ELECTRICITY BY MARKET LEADER, 2007-2012
  
  

    
FIGURE 10 WORLDWIDE PROJECTED COMPANY MARKET SHARES OF   IGCC ELECTRIC PROJECTS, 2007-2012 (%)
  
  

    
INDUSTRY DRIVERS
  
  

    
TABLE 25 IGCC INDUSTRY DRIVERS VS   INHIBITORS
  
  

    
STRATEGIES
  
  

    
SHIFTS
  
  

    
TRADE PRACTICES
  
  

    
EVOLUTION OF THE INDUSTRY
  
  

    
TABLE 26 PRE-COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY HISTORY,   1812–2007
  
  

    
TABLE 26 (CONTINUED)
  
  

    
INDUSTRY IMPACTS
  
  

    
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
  
  

    
IMPORTANCE OF PATENTS
  
  

    
Patents by Application
  
  

    
TABLE 27 U.S. CO2 CAPTURE PATENTS BY APPLICATION TYPE,   2004–2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 11 U.S. CO2 CAPTURE PATENTS BY APPLICATION,   2004–2007 (%)
  
  

    
Patent Technology by Region
  
  

    
TABLE 28 U.S. CO2 PATENTS BY REGION,   2002–2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 12 U.S. CO2 PATENTS BY REGION, 2002–2007   (%)
  
  

    
Patents by Year
  
  

    
TABLE 29 U.S. PATENTS BY YEAR,   2004–2007
  
  

    
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
  


Chapter- 5: OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION CARBON CAPTURE

  

    
TABLE 30 WORLDWIDE OXYGEN APPLICATION MARKETS,   2007 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 13 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF OXYGEN APPLICATIONS,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 31 U.S. AND WORLD OXYGEN MARKET PROJECTIONS,   THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS/BCF/MMT)
  
  

    
TECHNOLOGY MARKET FOR OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION CARBON   CAPTURE
  
  

    
TABLE 32 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE UTILITY MARKET FOR   COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2012 ($   BILLIONS)
  
  

    
APPLICATION MARKET OXY-FUEL
  
  

    
TABLE 33 OXY-FUEL PROJECTS WORLDWIDE,   1997–2008
  
  
  

    
TABLE 34 PROJECTED OXY-FUEL PROJECTS WORLDWIDE,   2007–2012
  
  

    
TABLE 34 (CONTINUED)
  
  

    
APPLICATION MARKET OXY-FUEL (CONTINUED)
  
  

    
OXY-COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
  
  

    
MAJOR OXY-FUEL POWER GENERATION   COMPONENTS
  
  

    
TABLE 35 MAJOR OXY-COMBUSTION COMPONENT COSTS, 2007   (%)
  
  

    
Air Separation Unit
  
  

    
Boiler-Turbine-Generator
  
  

    
CO2 Cooler/Condenser/Compressor
  
  

    
Air Pollution Controls
  
  

    
FIGURE 14 SCHEMATIC OXY-FUEL SYSTEM
  
  

    
PROCESS ECONOMICS
  
  

    
TABLE 36 COST OF STATE OF THE ART 740 MW PC   OXY-COMBUSTION PLANT WITH CO2 CAPTURE, 2007
  
  

    
TABLE 37 ULTRA-SUPERCRITICAL OXY-FUEL COSTS COMPARED WITH   SUPERCRITICAL AND ULTRA-SUPERCRITICAL
  
  

    
TABLE 38 OXY-FUEL COMPONENT COE,   2007 (C/KWH/%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 15 COE FOR OXY-FUEL POWER PLANT BY COMPONENT, 2007   (%)
  
  

    
PROCESS COMPARISON
  
  

    
TABLE 39 ULTRA-SUPERCRITICAL OXY-FUEL PERFORMANCE   COMPARED WITH SUPERCRITICAL AND ULTRA-SUPERCRITICAL
  
  

    
TABLE 40 AUXILIARY POWER LOSS FOR OXY-FUEL POWER   PLANT
  
  

    
FIGURE 16 OXY-FUEL AVERAGE AUXILIARY POWER LOSS PER MW,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
  
  

    
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGES
  
  

    
TABLE 41 OXY-FUEL ENVIRONMENTAL   ADVANTAGES
  
  

    
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS:   COMBUSTION
  
  

    
INDUSTRY MARKET SHARES
  
  

    
TABLE 42 OXY-FUEL FOR UTILITY APPLICATIONS MARKET SHARES,   2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 17 OXY-FUEL FOR UTILITY APPLICATIONS MARKET   SHARES, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
INDUSTRY DRIVERS
  
  

    
TABLE 43 OXY-FUEL INDUSTRY DRIVERS VS   INHIBITORS
  
  

    
STRATEGIES
  
  

    
SHIFTS
  
  

    
TRADE PRACTICES
  
  
  

    
EVOLUTION OF THE INDUSTRY
  
  

    
TABLE 44 HISTORY OF THE INDUSTRY: MAJOR   DEVELOPMENTS
  
  

    
TABLE 44 (CONTINUED)
  
  

    
INDUSTRY IMPACTS
  
  

    
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
  
  

    
PATENTS
  
  

    
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
  
  

    
TABLE 45 OXY-FUEL RESEARCH NEEDS
  


Chapter- 6: POST-COMBUSTION CARBON CAPTURE

  

    
TECHNOLOGY MARKET FOR POST-COMBUSTION   CCS
  
  

    
TABLE 46 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE VALUE OF POST COMBUSTION   STORAGE PROJECTS AND ONGOING EOR, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
POST COMBUSTION RECOVERY APPLICATION   MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 47 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE VALUE OF CO2 CAPTURE   PROJECTS, CO2 CAPTURE, AND VALUE OF CO2, THROUGH 2012
  
  

    
FIGURE 18 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARE OF CCS   TECHNOLOGIES BY COUNTRY AND METRIC TONS OF CO2 CAPTURED, 2012   (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 48 CARBON CAPTURE PROJECTS BY COUNTRY, 2012 (MMT/YR   OF CO2 CAPTURED)
  
  

    
TABLE 49 PROJECTED U.S. AND FOREIGN CO2 STORAGE PROJECTS,   2007–2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  
  

    
TECHNOLOGY: CHEMICAL STRIPPING
  
  
  

    
FIGURE 19 SCHEMATIC OF POWER GENERATION AND CO2   SEQUESTRATION
  
  

    
MAJOR POST-COMBUSTION CCS CHEMICAL STRIPPING   COMPONENTS
  
  

    
Flue Gas Supply/SO2 polishing
  
  

    
CO2 Absorption
  
  

    
Circulating Water System
  
  

    
Water Wash Section
  
  

    
Rich/Lean Amine Heat Exchange System
  
  

    
Solvent Stripper
  
  

    
Solvent Stripper Reclaimer
  
  

    
Steam Condensate
  
  

    
Corrosion Inhibitor System
  
  

    
Gas Compression and Drying System
  
  

    
FIGURE 20 SCHEMATIC OF AN AMINE TREATMENT   SYSTEM
  
  

    
PROCESS ECONOMICS
  
  

    
TABLE 50 AMINE SCRUBBING COSTS COMPARED WITH   SUPERCRITICAL AND ULTRA-SUPERCRITICAL
  
  

    
TABLE 51 AMINE CCS COMPONENT COST OF ELECTRICITY KWH AND   PERCENTAGE OF COE KWH
  
  

    
FIGURE 21 AMINE CCS COMPONENT COST OF ELECTRICITY   (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 52 CAPITAL COSTS FOR A 720 MW COAL POWER PLANT,   6,000 MT CO2 A DAY CCS RETROFIT, 2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 22 COST SHARES BY MAJOR COMPONENT FOR 720 MW CHP,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
PROCESS COMPARISONS
  
  

    
TABLE 53 ULTRA-SUPERCRITICAL AMINE PERFORMANCE COMPARED   WITH SUPERCRITICAL AND ULTRA-SUPERCRITICAL
  
  

    
AMMONIA CCS TECHNOLOGY
  
  

    
FIGURE 23 AMMONIA CO2 STRIPPER FOR COPRODUCTION OF   PRODUCTS
  
  

    
Process Economics
  
  

    
TABLE 54 COST COMPARISON OF AA WITH MEA FOR PC AND   USC
  
  

    
Process Comparison
  
  

    
TABLE 55 MEA VS AA PERFORMANCE   COMPARISON
  
  

    
TABLE 56 VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS FROM AMMONIA POLLUTION   CONTROLS FOR NOX, SOX, AND GD (OPERATING AT 80% OF CAPACITY)
  
  

    
TABLE 57 MEA VS AMMONIA BTU   REQUIREMENTS
  
  

    
Product Development
  
  

    
INDUSTRY DRIVERS
  
  

    
TABLE 58 INDUSTRY DRIVERS VS INHIBITORS
  
  

    
SHIFTS
  
  

    
STRATEGIES
  
  

    
TRADE PRACTICES
  
  

    
EVOLUTION OF THE INDUSTRY
  
  

    
TABLE 59 EVOLUTION OF POST COMBUSTION   INDUSTRY
  
  

    
PATENTS FACTORS
  
  

    
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
  
  

    
CHEMICALS FOR POST-COMBUSTION CARBON CAPTURING   PROCESS
  
  

    
SORBENTS
  
  

    
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS:   POST-COMBUSTION
  
  

    
TABLE 60 WORLDWIDE NUMBER OF CHEMICAL-BASED CARBON   CAPTURE PLANT INSTALLATIONS BY COMPANY, 2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 24 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES OF CARBON CAPTURE   MATERIALS BY COMPANY, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 61 WORLDWIDE PRODUCT MARKET SHARES OF SOLVENTS FOR   CCS, 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 25 WORLDWIDE PRODUCT MARKET SHARES CO2 ADSORBENTS,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
Trends in Ethanolamine Demand
  
  

    
TABLE 62 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOLAMINE,   THROUGH 2012 (MMT AND $ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 63 WORLDWIDE ETHANOLAMINE PRODUCTION BY REGION,   2007 (MT)
  
  

    
FIGURE 26 WORLDWIDE ETHANOLAMINE PRODUCTION BY REGION,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 27 WORLDWIDE ETHANOLAMINE MARKET SHARES BY   COMPANY, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 64 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE MARKET FOR ETHANOLAMINE   APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012 (MMT)
  
  

    
Ethanolamine Production
  
  

    
TABLE 65 WORLDWIDE ETHANOLAMINE PRODUCTION MARKET SHARE   BY COMPANY, 2007
  
  

    
CHEMICAL SOLVENT/ORGANICS: AMINE-BASED
  
  

    
Monoethanolamine
  
  
  

    
Amine Guard
  
  

    
Amino-Di-Ethylene-Glycol (ADEG)
  
  

    
Activated Methyldiethanolamine (aDMEA)
  
  

    
Amisol Mix
  
  

    
Diisopropylamine
  
  

    
Diethanolamine /SNPA-DEA
  
  

    
Econamine FG Process
  
  
  

    
Estasolvan
  
  

    
Flexsorb
  
  

    
Fluor Solvent
  
  

    
Glymine
  
  

    
Applications
  
  

    
KS-1, KS-2, and KS-3
  
  

    
MDEA and Hybrid Solvents
  
  
  

    
Omnisulf
  
  

    
Sterically Hindered Amines
  
  

    
PHYSICAL SOLVENTS
  
  

    
Alkazid
  
  

    
Morphysorb
  
  

    
Optisol
  
  

    
Potassium Carbonate/Benfield
  
  

    
TABLE 66 POTASSIUM CARBONATE PROCESS   ADVANTAGES
  
  

    
PuraTreat R and F
  
  

    
Purisol
  
  

    
Rectisol
  
  
  

    
Selefining
  
  

    
Selexol
  
  

    
SEPASOLV MPE
  
  

    
Sulfinol
  
  

    
UCARSOL
  
  

    
PROCESS/SOLVENT COMPARISON
  
  

    
TABLE 67 COMPARISON OF CO2 SORBENT MATERIAL   QUALITIES
  


Chapter- 7: MAJOR MARKETS FOR CARBON CAPTURE STORAGE AND   TECHNOLOGIES

  

    
TABLE 68 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE MAJOR APPLICATION MARKETS   FOR CCS TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 69 PROJECTED CO2 CONSUMPTION WORLDWIDE BY   APPLICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 70 CO2 CONSUMED WORLDWIDE BY MAJOR APPLICATION,   2007 (MMT)
  
  

    
FIGURE 28 WORLDWIDE MARKET SHARES BY MAJOR APPLICATION BY   CO2 CONSUMED, 2007 (MMT OF CO2)
  
  

    
TABLE 71 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE CO2 CONSUMED BY OIL,   CHEMICAL, MERCHANT, AND CARBON MARKETS, THROUGH 2012 (MMT)
  
  

    
TABLE 72 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE CO2 CONSUMED BY OIL,   CHEMICAL, AND MERCHANT MARKETS, THROUGH 2012 ($   BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 73 MILLION METRIC TONS OF CO2 CONSUMED WORLDWIDE BY   MAJOR MARKET, 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 29 WORLDWIDE CO2 MARKET BY APPLICATION, 2007   (%)
  
  

    
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
  
  

    
TABLE 74 WORLDWIDE APPLICATIONS OF CARBON CAPTURE SYSTEMS   AND TECHNOLOGIES AND ELECTRIC GROWTH PROJECTIONS, THROUGH 2012
  
  

    
TABLE 75 PROJECTED MW INCREASE IN CARBON CAPTURE SYSTEMS   AND TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2012 (MW IN MILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 76 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE POWER CAPACITY WITH AND   WITHOUT CARBON CAPTURE SYSTEMS BY TYPE, 2012 (MW MILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 30 WORLD MW CAPACITY VS CCS MW TECHNOLOGIES, 2012   (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 77 PROJECTED UTILITY WORLDWIDE MARKETS FOR CARBON   CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($   BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 78 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE CCS AND TECHNOLOGY MARKET   SHARES AND SOURCES OF CO2, 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 31 WORLD ELECTRIC POWER MARKET SHARES BY REGION,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 32 REGIONAL SHARES OF WORLDWIDE CO2 EMISSIONS,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
MARKET TRENDS
  
  

    
TABLE 79 POTENTIAL VALUE OF CCS TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTRIC   POWER APPLICATIONS WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2012 (MW/$MILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 80 PROJECTED U.S. MARKET SHARES OF CCS TECHNOLOGIES   FOR COAL POWER, 2012 (GW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 33 PROJECTED U.S. CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES COAL   MARKET SHARES BY MW, 2012 (%)
  
  

    
PROCESS ECONOMICS
  
  

    
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
  
  

    
TABLE 81 CCS TECHNOLOGY MARKETS BY TYPE, 2007 (NUMBER OF   SITES/MMT)
  
  

    
FIGURE 34 BEST APPLICATION MARKETS FOR CCS BY INDUSTRY,   THROUGH 2012 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 82 COST OF CO2 FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES,   2007 ($/MT)
  
  

    
FIGURE 35 COST PER MT OF CO2 FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES,   2007 ($/MT)
  
  

    
TABLE 83 VALUE OF CCS GIGA METRIC TONS (GMT) CO2   REDUCTION AND VALUE TO 2050
  
  

    
FIGURE 36 PROJECTED DISTRIBUTION OF CARBON CAPTURE   SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY WORLDWIDE, 2050 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 36 (CONTINUED)
  
  

    
NATURAL GAS PROCESSING
  
  

    
TABLE 84 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE APPLICATION MARKETS FOR   POST-COMBUSTION SOLVENT SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2012  ($   BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 85 VALUE POST-COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES,   2007 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 37 APPLICATION MARKET FOR CO2 CAPTURE SYSTEMS   UTILITY VS GAS PROCESSING, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 86 PROJECTED NATURAL GAS CONSUMED, SCRUBBED GAS,   CO2 CONTENT WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2012 (TCF)
  
  
  

    
TABLE 87 PROJECTED VALUE OF CO2 ANTI-CORROSION FOR   PIPELINE TRANSMISSION WORLDWIDE, THROUGH 2012
  
  

    
FIGURE 38 AMINE GAS SWEETENING PLANT
  
  

    
TABLE 88 U.S. GAS PROCESSING PLANTS BY STATE, 2007   (MMSCF/D)
  
  

    
FIGURE 39 U.S. MARKET FOR GAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY BY   STATE, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 40 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF 1.3 BCF/D CO2 FOR   EOR, 2007 (%)
  
  
  

    
TABLE 89 NON-NATURAL CO2 SOURCES FOR EOR, 2007   (MMCF/D)
  
  

    
TABLE 90 MAJOR U.S. PIPELINE EXPANSIONS AND SCRUBBING   VALUES, 2006–2008 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  
  

    
HYDROGEN
  
  

    
TABLE 91 GLOBAL DAILY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY FEEDSTOCK,   2007
  
  

    
TABLE 92 GLOBAL HYDROGEN AND CO2 PRODUCTION FROM COAL AND   GAS, 2007
  
  
  

    
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
  
  

    
TABLE 93 PROJECTED WORLD OIL PRODUCTION FROM EOR AND CO2   USE, THROUGH 2012
  
  

    
FIGURE 41 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE CO2 CONSUMPTION IN EOR,   THROUGH 2012 (MILLION METRIC TONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 94 U.S. AND CANADIAN CO2 EOR BARREL OF OIL   EQUIVALENT PER DAY, 2007
  
  

    
TABLE 95 U.S. RECOVERABLE BARRELS OF OIL USING CO2   INJECTION BY REGION, 2007 (BB/TCF)
  
  

    
FIGURE 42 PROJECTED U.S. REGIONAL MARKETS FOR CO2 FOR EOR   BY RECOVERABLE BARRELS OF OIL, 2012 (%)
  
  

    
NATURAL CO2 RESERVOIRS
  
  

    
TABLE 96 U.S. CO2 RESERVES PROVEN AND PROBABLE,   2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 43 U.S. NATURAL CO2 RESERVOIR MARKET SHARES,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
Bravo Dome
  
  

    
Doe Canyon
  
  

    
Jackson Dome
  
  

    
McElmo Dome
  
  

    
TRANSPORT OF CO2
  
  

    
FIGURE 44 U.S. CO2 PIPELINES
  
  

    
PIPELINES
  
  

    
TABLE 97 U.S. CO2 PIPELINE AND TRANSPORT COSTS,   2007
  
  

    
TABLE 98 SUMMARY OF MAJOR U.S. CO2 PIPELINES,   2007
  
  
  

    
Bravo Pipeline
  
  

    
Centerline
  
  

    
Canyon Reef Carriers
  
  

    
Central Basin Pipeline
  
  

    
Cortez Pipeline
  
  

    
Este Pipeline
  
  

    
Pecos Pipeline
  
  

    
Powder River Basin
  
  

    
Sheep Mountain Pipeline
  
  

    
Slaughter Pipeline
  
  

    
Val Verde
  
  

    
West Texas Pipeline and the Llano   Lateral
  
  

    
Calgary Alberta CO2 Pipeline
  
  

    
PIPELINE LEGISLATION
  
  

    
TECHNOLOGY FOR CO2 PUMPED EOR
  
  

    
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
  
  
  

    
CO2 EOR MARKET POTENTIAL
  
  

    
CRUDE OIL MARKET POTENTIAL
  
  

    
TABLE 99 CO2 DAILY DELIVERIES FOR EOR BY COMPANY, 2008   (MMCF)
  
  

    
FIGURE 45 CO2 DELIVERIES TO THE EOR MARKET BY MAJOR   COMPANY, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
  
  

    
MARKET COMPETITION
  
  

    
EOR HISTORY AND PROJECTIONS
  
  

    
TABLE 100 COST PER BARREL OF OIL USING CO2 EOR FLOODING,   2007 ($)
  
  

    
FIGURE 46 COST SHARES PER BARREL OF OIL FOR CO2 EOR, 2007   (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 101 VALUE OF EOR TO TEXAS ECONOMY, 2007   ($)
  
  

    
TABLE 102 VALUE NEW TEXAS CO2 EOR PROJECTS,   2006–2007  ($ BILLIONS)
  
  
  

    
FIGURE 47 SHARES OF NEW TEXAS CO2 EOR PROJECTS BY   COMPANY, 2006-2007 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 103 NEW EOR PROJECTS IN TEXAS,   2006–2007
  
  
  

    
TABLE 104 PROJECTED U.S AND CANADIAN BARRELS OF OIL   EQUIVALENT A DAY AND CO2 REQUIRED PER DAY, THROUGH 2012
  
  

    
TABLE 105 ONGOING CO2 FLOODING IN EOR PROJECTS IN THE   U.S. AND REST OF WORLD, 2007
  
  
  

    
TABLE 106   REST OF WORLD EOR PROJECTS: OPERATING AND   UNDER CONSIDERATION, 2007
  
  
  

    
CO2 MERCHANT MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 107 WORLWIDE PROJECTED CO2 PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2012   (MMT)
  
  

    
TABLE 108 CO2 STATISTICS BY MAJOR COMPANY,   2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 48 WORLDWIDE MERCHANT CO2 MARKET SHARES BY MAJOR   COMPANY, 2007
  
  

    
TABLE 109 NORTH AMERICAN CO2 MERCHANT SALES,   2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 49 NORTH AMERICAN MERCHANT CO2 SALES BY FORM, 2007   (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 110 PROJECTED U.S. CO2 PRODUCTION FROM ETHANOL   PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2012 (MMT)
  
  

    
TABLE 111 PROJECTED WORLDWIDE MERCHANT CO2 CONSUMPTION BY   REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MMT)
  
  

    
ETHANOL AND CO2 COPRODUCTION
  
  

    
TABLE 112 PROJECTED U.S. ETHANOL PRODUCTION AND CO2   COPRODUCT, THROUGH 2012
  
  

    
TABLE 113 WORLDWIDE CO2 MERCHANT MARKET BY REGION,   2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 50 WORLDWIDE MERCHANT CO2 MARKET SHARES BY REGION,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 114 CO2 APPLICATIONS
  
  
  

    
TABLE 115 CO2 APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2012   (MMT)
  
  

    
FIGURE 51 WORLDWIDE MERCHANT CO2 MARKET SHARES BY   APPLICATION TYPE, 2007
  
  
  

    
Beverages
  
  

    
Dry Cleaning and Industrial Cleaning
  
  

    
TABLE 116 APPLICATION MARKETS FOR CO2 CLEANING BY REGION,   2007
  
  
  

    
Electronics Industry
  
  

    
Food
  
  

    
Inerting
  
  

    
Other Uses
  
  

    
Pharmaceutical
  
  

    
Refrigeration
  
  

    
TABLE 117 REFRIGERATION USES OF CARBON DIOXIDE,   2007
  
  

    
Water Treatment
  
  

    
Welding
  
  

    
THE CARBON MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 118 VALUE CARBON MARKET, MMT CO2 AVOIDED, MMT CO2   CAPTURED, TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 52 PROJECTED VALUE OF THE CARBON MARKET, 2005-2012   ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 119 PROJECTED VALUE OF CO2 CAPTURE PROJECTS AND   METRIC TONS, THROUGH 2012
  
  

    
TABLE 120 PROJECTED IGCC CO2 POTENTIAL FOR EMISSION   CREDITS VS PC AND SPC POWER PLANTS, THROUGH 2012
  
  

    
TABLE 121 IGCC, SUBCRITICAL PC AND SUPERCRITICAL PC   CO2
  
  

    
EMISSIONS COMPARISON (LBS/MWH)
  
  

    
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
  
  
  

    
TABLE 122 CO2 GROWTH AND VALUE, THROUGH   2012
  
  

    
PROJECT-BASED TRANSACTIONS
  
  

    
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
  
  

    
TABLE 123 WORLDWIDE CDM CREDIT SOURCES BY COUNTRY AND   REGION (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 53 WORLDWIDE SOURCES OF CLEAN DEVELOPMENT   MECHANISM PROJECTS BY COUNTRY/REGION (%)
  
  

    
REMOVAL UNITS
  
  

    
EMISSION REDUCTION CREDITS
  
  

    
CERTIFIED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS
  
  

    
EUROPEAN UNION ALLOWANCES
  
  

    
GREEN TAGS
  
  

    
JI PROJECTS
  


Chapter- 8: RESEARCH

  

    
TABLE 124 WORLDWIDE CO2 RESEARCH SPENDING BY REGION, 2007   ($ MILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 54 RESEARCH SPENDING WORLDWIDE FOR CO2 CAPTURE BY   REGION, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
UNITED STATES
  
  

    
TABLE 125 OVERVIEW VALUE OF U.S. CO2 MITIGATION   RESEARCH PROGRAMS, 2007 ($ MILLIONS/%)
  
  

    
TABLE 125 (CONTINUED)
  
  

    
FIGURE 55 DOE SPONSORED RESEARCH TO REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS   BE RESEARCH AREA, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
ADVANCED RESEARCH
  
  

    
Advanced Turbines
  
  

    
Basic Energy Sciences
  
  

    
Biomass and Biorefinery Systems
  
  

    
Carbon Sequestration
  
  

    
Clean Coal Power Initiative
  
  

    
Climate Change Research
  
  

    
FutureGen
  
  

    
Fuels and Power Systems
  
  

    
Genomes: GTL Research
  
  

    
Hydrogen Technology
  
  

    
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
  
  

    
EUROPEAN UNION
  
  
  

    
CHINA-EU/COACH
  
  

    
GERMANY
  
  

    
NORWAY
  
  

    
CHINA
  
  

    
JAPAN
  
  

    
AUSTRALIA
  
  

    
REST OF WORLD
  
  

    
RESEARCH BY TECHNOLOGY
  
  

    
TABLE 126 PROJECTED VALUE OF CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY   MATERIALS RESEARCH, THROUGH 2012  ($   MILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 127   CCS MATERIALS RESEARCH MARKET BY APPLICATION,   2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 56 CARBON CAPTURE SYSTEMS MATERIALS RESEARCH   MARKET SHARES BY APPLICATION, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
COMBUSTORS/TURBINES
  
  

    
TABLE 128 VALUE OF COMBUSTOR/TURBINE RESEARCH PROJECTS ($   MILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 129 VALUE MEMBRANE RESEARCH, 2007 ($   MILLIONS)
  
  
  

    
ZEOLITES
  
  

    
TABLE 130 VALUE OF ZEOLITE RESEARCH FOR CO2 CAPTURE, 2007   ($ MILLIONS)
  
  

    
SILICATES
  
  

    
TABLE 131 DATA ON SILICATE RESEARCH INVESTIGATORS FOR   CARBON CAPTURE, 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  
  

    
IONIC LIQUIDS
  
  

    
TABLE 132 VALUE IONIC LIQUIDS RESEARCH FOR CO2 CAPTURE,   2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  

    
OTHER CO2 ABSORBENT MATERIALS
  
  

    
TABLE 133 VALUE OTHER CO2 ABSORBENT MATERIALS RESEARCH,   2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  
  

    
LARGE-SCALE CARBON SEQUESTRATION RESEARCH   PROJECTS
  
  

    
TABLE 134   VALUE OF U.S. CO2 GEOLOGIC STORAGE PROJECTS,   2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  
  

    
BIG SKY REGIONAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION   PARTNERSHIP
  
  

    
MIDWEST GEOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION   CONSORTIUM
  
  

    
MIDWEST REGIONAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION   PARTNERSHIP
  
  

    
PLAINS CO2 REDUCTION PARTNERSHIP
  
  
  

    
SOUTHEAST REGIONAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION   PARTNERSHIP
  
  

    
SOUTHWEST REGIONAL PARTNERSHIP FOR CARBON   SEQUESTRATION
  
  

    
WEST COAST REGIONAL CARBON SEQUESTRATION   PARTNERSHIP
  


Chapter- 9: LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY DRIVERS

  

    
TABLE 135 PENDING U.S. FEDERAL LEGISLATION FOR CAPS ON   CO2 AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES CAPTURE, 2007–2008
  
  
  

    
LEGISLATION FOR CCS FUNDING, INCENTIVES, AND TAX   CREDITS
  
  

    
TABLE 136 U.S. FEDERAL LEGISLATION FOR CCS FUNDING:   INCENTIVES AND TAX CREDITS, 2007–2008
  
  
  

    
ADMINISTRATION
  
  

    
EPA CO2 SEQUESTRATION RULES
  
  

    
JUDICIAL
  
  

    
U.S. SUPREME COURT RULES CO2 A   POLLUTANT
  
  

    
STATE LEGISLATION
  
  

    
TABLE 137 U.S. STATES WITH CO2 REGULATIONS,   2007
  
  

    
FOREIGN REGULATION AND LEGISLATION
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL
  
  

    
EUROPEAN UNION
  
  

    
CANADA
  
  

    
LONDON PROTOCOL-SUBSEA CO2 REGULATIONS
  
  

    
EUROPEAN CLIMATE EXCHANGE
  
  

    
VOLUNTARY REGULATION
  
  

    
Chicago Climate Exchange, Inc.
  


Chapter- 10: COMPANY PROFILES

  

    
PRE-COMBUSTION COMPANIES
  
  

    
AGRIUM, INC.
  
  

    
Agrium U.S., Inc.
  
  

    
AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER
  
  

    
BAARD ENERGY
  
  

    
Nordic Energy of Ashtabula, LLC
  
  

    
BABCOCK & BROWN
  
  

    
Babcock & Brown (U.S.)
  
  

    
BABCOCK POWER, INC.
  
  

    
Vogt Power International, Inc.
  
  

    
BASIN ELECTRIC POWER COOPERATIVE
  
  

    
BECHTEL
  
  

    
BLACK & VEATCH CORP.
  
  

    
BP
  
  

    
BP Alternative Energy
  
  

    
BUFFALO ENERGY PARTNERS CO., LLC
  
  

    
BURNS AND ROE
  
  

    
CANSOLV
  
  

    
CHEVRONTEXACO
  
  

    
CHRISTIAN COUNTY GENERATION, LLC
  
  

    
CLEAN COAL POWER RESOURCES
  
  

    
CME INTERNATIONAL
  
  

    
CONOCOPHILLIPS
  
  

    
DAKOTA GASIFICATION CO.
  
  

    
DENBURY RESOURCES, INC.
  
  

    
DKRW ADVANCED FUELS, LLC
  
  

    
DUKE ENERGY
  
  

    
EDISON MISSION ENERGY
  
  

    
EL PASO CORP.
  
  

    
ENERGY EXPEDITERS, INC.
  
  

    
ENERGY NORTHWEST
  
  

    
E.ON
  
  

    
EPCO CARBON DIOXIDE
  
  

    
EPCOR
  
  

    
ERORA GROUP
  
  

    
EXCEL ENERGY
  
  

    
EXCELSIOR ENERGY
  
  

    
FIRST ENERGY CONSOL
  
  

    
First Energy
  
  

    
FLORIDA POWER & LIGHT CO.
  
  

    
FOSTER WHEELER
  
  

    
FOSTER WHEELER ITALIANA
  
  

    
GE ENERGY
  
  

    
GLOBAL ENERGY, INC.
  
  

    
GREAT LAKES ENERGY RESEARCH PARK   (GLERP)
  
  

    
GREATPOINT ENERGY
  
  

    
GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP, INC.
  
  

    
IDAHO POWER CO.
  
  

    
J POWER
  
  

    
KELLOGG BROWN & ROOT
  
  

    
KENTUCKY PIONEER ENERGY, LLC
  
  

    
LEUCADIA NATIONAL CORP.
  
  

    
LURGI OEL•GAS•CHEMIE GMBH
  
  

    
MADISON POWER CORP.
  
  

    
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
  
  

    
MONTGOMERY GREAT FALLS ENERGY PARTNERS,   LP
  
  

    
MOUNTAIN ISLAND ENERGY, LLC
  
  

    
M&M ENERGY, LLC
  
  

    
NORTHERN LIGHTS/SYNENCO
  
  

    
NRG ENERGY
  
  

    
ORLANDO UTILITIES COMMISSION
  
  

    
OTTER CREEK
  
  

    
PACIFIC CORP.
  
  

    
PINION PINE
  
  

    
POLK COUNTY POWER PLANT
  
  

    
POWERFUEL, PLC
  
  

    
REFINED ENERGY HOLDINGS, LLC (REH)
  
  

    
Southeast Idaho Energy, LLC (SIE)
  
  

    
RENTECH, INC.
  
  

    
SHELL
  
  

    
SHERRITT INTERNATIONAL
  
  

    
SIEMENS POWER GENERATION GROUP
  
  

    
SOUTHERN COMPANY SERVICES
  
  

    
STEELHEAD ENERGY CO.
  
  

    
SUMMIT POWER GROUP, INC.
  
  

    
SYNTHESIS ENERGY SYSTEMS
  
  

    
TAMPA ELECTRIC
  
  

    
TEXAS ENERGY FUTURE HOLDINGS, LTD.   PARTNERSHIP
  
  

    
TONDU CORP.
  
  

    
UHDE
  
  

    
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
  
  

    
URS CORP.
  
  

    
URS Corp.
  
  

    
WABASH POWER STATION TERRE HAUTE   INDIANA
  
  

    
ZMMF
  
  

    
OXY-COMBUSTION COMPANIES
  
  

    
AIR LIQUIDE SOCIETE
  
  

    
AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.
  
  

    
BOC GROUP, INC.
  
  

    
CLEAN ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
  
  

    
CO2-GLOBAL, LLC
  
  

    
DOOSAN BABCOCK ENERGY
  
  

    
FRAZIER-SIMPLEX, INC.
  
  

    
HISMELT CORP.
  
  

    
INSTITUTE OF EARTH PHYSICS OF PARIS
  
  

    
INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE PETROLE
  
  

    
JUPITER OXYGEN
  
  

    
NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY
  
  

    
PRAXAIR
  
  

    
VATTENFALL UTVECKLING AB
  
  

    
VTT (TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF   FINLAND)
  
  

    
POST-COMBUSTION COMPANIES
  
  

    
ABB LUMMUS GLOBAL/KERR-MCGEE
  
  

    
AKER KVAERNER ASA
  
  

    
Aker Kvaerner (U.S.)
  
  

    
AKER KVAERNER
  
  

    
AIRGAS, INC.
  
  

    
AIRGAS
  
  

    
AIR LIQUIDE
  
  

    
ALCOA
  
  

    
ALSTOM
  
  

    
AMEC
  
  

    
ANADARKO PETROLEUM CORP.
  
  

    
BASF
  
  

    
BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE
  
  

    
THE BEARD CO.
  
  

    
BLUE SOURCE, LLC
  
  

    
BRITISH PETROLEUM
  
  

    
BW SHIPPING MANAGERS PTE, LTD.
  
  

    
CHART INDUSTRIES
  
  

    
COFFEYVILLE RESOURCES NITROGEN FERTILIZERS,   LLC
  
  

    
COMART SPA
  
  

    
COOL ENERGY, LTD.
  
  

    
CO2 TECH
  
  

    
CO2CRC
  
  

    
CO2REMOVE
  
  

    
CRF PTY, LTD.
  
  

    
CRYOGENIC CONSTRUCTION, INC.
  
  

    
DOW
  
  

    
EESTECH, INC.
  
  

    
ENCANA
  
  

    
ENEL S.P.A
  
  

    
ENECOGEN
  
  

    
ENHANCED OIL RESOURCES, INC.
  
  

    
EPCO CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTS, INC.
  
  

    
EVOLUTION PETROLEUM CORP.
  
  

    
EXXON
  
  

    
FALCON GAS STORAGE CO., INC.
  
  

    
FLUOR
  
  

    
GASSCO AS
  
  

    
GE
  
  

    
GIAMMARCO-VETROCOKE
  
  

    
HARBIN ELECTRIC
  
  

    
HUNTSMAN CORP.
  
  

    
HYDROGEN ENERGY
  
  

    
INDO GULF FERTILIZER CO.
  
  

    
INEOS OXIDE, LTD.
  
  

    
INTERNATIONAL POWER AUSTRALIA PTY, LTD.
  
  

    
JAPAN OIL DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. (JODCO)
  
  

    
KINDER MORGAN ENERGY PARTNERS, LP
  
  

    
LINDE
  
  

    
LOTEPRO CORP.
  
  

    
LUKOIL
  
  

    
MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, INC.
  
  

    
MICELL TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
  
  

    
NATCO CYNARA MEMBRANES
  
  

    
NEWPOINT GAS SERVICES, INC.
  
  

    
NIPPON SHOKUBAI CO., LTD.
  
  

    
NORTH WEST UPGRADING, INC.
  
  

    
OCCIDENTAL PETROLEUM CORP.
  
  

    
ORIENTAL UNION CHEMICAL CORP.
  
  

    
POWERSPAN CORP.
  
  

    
PRAXAIR
  
  

    
PROCESS GROUP- HAZELWOOD 2030
  
  

    
QINGDAO GREAT CHEMICAL, INC.
  
  

    
RANCHER ENERGY CORP.
  
  

    
RIO TINTO
  
  

    
R.R. STREET & CO., INC.
  
  

    
RWE NPOWER
  
  

    
SARGAS AS
  
  

    
SASOL O&S
  
  

    
SCHLUMBERGER
  
  

    
SEMGREEN, LP
  
  

    
SEMGROUP
  
  

    
SHELL
  
  

    
SINTEZ OKA, LLC
  
  

    
STATOIL
  
  

    
THERMOENERGY
  
  

    
TOTAL ELF AFINA
  
  

    
Total American Services, Inc.
  
  

    
TOYO ENGINEERING CORP.
  
  

    
TRANSCANADA CORP.
  
  

    
TRINITY CO2, LLC
  
  

    
TUCSON ELECTRIC POWER CO.
  
  

    
U.K. DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS AND   ENTERPRISE
  
  

    
UNIVERSAL INDUSTRIAL GASES, INC.
  
  

    
UOP, LLC
  
  

    
VATTENFALL AB
  
  

    
W.L. GORE
  
  

    
WINTERSHALL
  
  

    
WALLULA RESOURCE RECOVERY
  
  

    
WITTEMANN-CRYOGENIC INDUSTRIES GROUP
  


Chapter- 11: APPENDIX

  

    
TABLE 138
  
  

    
ABBREVIATED MEASUREMENTS
  
  
  

    
TABLE 139
  
  

    
CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
  
  

    
TABLE 140 ACRONYMS