This study was to determine the current status of the global market for wind and wave energy and assess its growth potential over a 5-year period from 2008 to 2013.

Our key objective was to present a comprehensive analysis of the current wind energy market combined with the upcoming wave energy market and understand their future direction.

A chief goal of this study was to characterize and quantify the world markets for large wind turbines on global, national, and local bases. Extensive efforts were expended to fully characterize the political, economic, environmental, and regulatory conditions at each level of geographic detail. These influential factors were taken into account when developing 5-year forecasts for the evolving large wind turbine markets. The business environment for wind and wave energy is fully characterized to include local and national legislation and financial incentives, the pertinent regulatory regimes, and the environmental factors that are influencing a sustaining surge in interest and investment in renewables.

Wind power usage in the global economy has been growing at a significant double-digit rate in the past few years and has generated considerable interest in industry, government, and the public. Wave energy is hypothesized to be several years behind wind energy but represents yet another emerging renewable market. This study will take a closer look at energy from wind and waves on the global scale. This report measures and forecasts the global market for wind energy and wave energy.

Key granular global breakdowns are given for the following regions:

• North America
  
• Europe
  
• Asia
  
• Latin America
  
• Africa and the Middle East
  
• Pacific Region
  
• Rest of World  

This study will be of interest to manufacturers of wind turbines and wave energy devices, and the various component and accessory equipment suppliers, as well as the end users, including project developers, operators, and utilities. It will also be of interest to consulting companies, construction and transportation companies, landowners, and financial and investment institutions with a stake in the renewable energy industry. The study will likewise be of interest to municipal, state, and national government agencies, as well as academic institutes and non-profit organizations. 
 
The scope of this study encompasses the global wind and wave energy markets. Traditional hydrocarbon energy sources and tidal energy are excluded from the study and this study analyzes each market, determines its current status, examines the impact for the future, and presents forecasts of growth over the next 5 years. Technological issues including the latest trends are discussed. Other influential factors such as rising energy costs, changing government regulations, and improving efficiencies are reviewed. 
 
This report analyzes the industry on a global basis both from a manufacturing and energy capacity point of view and examine government support for renewable energies. 

This Report:

• Provides in-depth analysis of the wind and wave technologies markets
  
  
• Reviews domestic and international markets for wind and wave technologies and forecasts the size and future growth of the markets, with forecasts through 2012
  
  
• Describes various wave technologies including free oscillating water columns, point aborbers or buoy systems, overtopping devices, surging devices and pendular devices, and wind technologies including horizontal, vertical and hybrid
  
  
• Addresses environmental effects including CO2 emissions and pollution, the ecological footprint of the technologies, the impact on wildlife, and offshore ocean noise, aesthetics and safety
  
  
• Discusses important manufacturers and factors influencing demand.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter-1: SUMMARY

  

    
SUMMARY
  
  

    
PROJECT SIZES ARE INCREASING
  
  

    
COMPONENT DELAYS ARE CONTINUING
  
  

    
PRICES ARE RISING
  
  

    
TRANSMISSION IS A PARAMOUNT ISSUE
  
  

    
SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CUMULATIVE WIND   AND WAVE ENERGY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CUMULATIVE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY, 2007-2013 (MW)
  


Chapter-2: OVERVIEW

  

    
WIND AND WAVE ENERGY STATUS
  
  

    
WIND AND WAVE ELECTRICAL DEFINITIONS
  
  

    
WAVE SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS
  
  

    
GLOBAL WIND AND WAVE POWER
  
  

    
TABLE 1 GLOBAL INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE WIND POWER   CAPACITY, 1-YEAR GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF GLOBAL CAPACITY, BY COUNTRY,   2007 (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 1 NEW WIND POWER CAPACITY IN LEADING WIND POWER   NATIONS, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 2 CUMULATIVE WIND POWER CAPACITY OF LEADING WIND   POWER NATIONS, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 3 ONE-YEAR GROWTH OF WIND POWER CAPACITY IN   LEADING WIND POWER NATIONS, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 4 GLOBAL WIND POWER CAPACITY OF LEADING COUNTRIES,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 5 NUMBER OF WAVE ENERGY CONVERTING DEVICE   COMPANIES, BY COUNTRY, 2007
  
  
  

    
GROWTH OF THE WIND POWER INDUSTRY
  
  

    
GROWTH OF THE WAVE POWER INDUSTRY
  
  

    
GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF NEW RENEWABLE   SOURCES OF ENERGY
  
  

    
FUTURE OF WIND AND WAVE ENERGY
  
  

    
TURBINE TECHNOLOGY
  
  

    
HEIGHTENED CONCERN FOR CARBON EMISSIONS
  


Chapter-3: TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES

  

    
WIND TECHNOLOGIES
  
  

    
HORIZONTAL
  
  

    
VERTICAL
  
  

    
EXPERIMENTAL
  
  

    
TYPES OF WAVE TECHNOLOGIES
  
  

    
OFFSHORE SYSTEMS
  
  

    
SHORELINE OR NEAR SHORE SYSTEMS
  
  

    
TECHNOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATIONS
  
  

    
OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN
  
  

    
POINT ABSORBERS OR BUOY SYSTEMS
  
  

    
OVERTOPPING DEVICES AND TAPCHAN
  
  

    
SURGING DEVICES
  
  

    
PENDULOR DEVICE
  


Chapter-4: TYPES OF APPLICATIONS

  

    
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
  
  

    
MECHANICAL ENERGY
  
  

    
OFF-GRID
  
  

    
GRID-CONNECTED
  
  

    
OFFSHORE WIND PROJECTS
  


Chapter-5: MARKET TYPES

  

    
UTILITIES
  
  

    
TABLE 2 U.S. UTILITIES MARKET SHARE BY UTILITY TYPE,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 6 U.S. UTILITIES MARKET SHARE BY UTILITY TYPE,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES
  
  

    
PUBLIC POWER UTILITIES
  
  

    
RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES
  



Chapter-6: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

  

    
MANUFACTURERS
  
  

    
DEVELOPERS
  
  

    
OWNERS
  
  

    
TABLE 3 ESTIMATED U.S. MARKET SHARE OF WIND FARM OWNERS,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 7 U.S. MARKET SHARE OF LEADING WIND FARM OWNERS,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
POWER PURCHASERS
  
  

    
FIGURE 8 UTILITY-SCALE WIND TURBINE INDUSTRY   STRUCTURE
  
  

    
INCENTIVES
  
  

    
RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES
  
  

    
OTHER BENEFITS
  



Chapter-7: WIND ENERGY VENDOR MARKET SHARES

  

    
WIND ENERGY VENDOR MARKET SHARES
  
  

    
TABLE 4 GLOBAL WIND ENERGY VENDOR MARKET SHARE IN MW,   2007 (%)
  
  
  

    
FIGURE 9 GLOBAL WIND ENERGY VENDOR MARKET SHARE IN MW,   2007 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 5 SAMPLE OF WIND ENERGY VENDORS WITH PRODUCTION IN   CHINA, 2007
  



Chapter-8: COMPANY PROFILES

  

    
WIND COMPANY PROFILES
  
  

    
ABB, LTD.
  
  

    
ACCIONA
  
  

    
BABCOCK & BROWN, AUSTRALIA
  
  

    
ENERCON
  
  

    
GAMESA CORP.
  
  

    
GE WIND
  
  

    
LM GLASFIBER, DENMARK
  
  

    
NORDEX AG
  
  

    
OWENS CORNING
  
  

    
PARKER HANNIFEN
  
  

    
REPOWER, GERMANY
  
  

    
SECOND WIND, U.S.
  
  

    
SIGNAL WIND ENERGY, LLC
  
  

    
SIEMENS, GERMANY
  
  

    
SUZLON WIND ENERGY
  
  

    
THOMAS & BETTS CORP.
  
  

    
TPI COMPOSITES, U.S.
  
  

    
VESTAS, WIND SYSTEMS
  
  

    
WAVE COMPANY PROFILES
  
  

    
AQUAMARINE POWER
  
  

    
AW ENERGY
  
  

    
AWS OCEAN ENERGY, LTD.
  
  

    
BIPOWER SYSTEMS
  
  

    
C-WAVE, LTD.
  
  

    
EMBLEY ENERGY, LTD.
  
  

    
INDEPENDENT NATURAL RESOURCES, INC.
  
  

    
FINAVERA RENEWABLES
  
  

    
OCEANLINX, LTD.
  
  

    
OCEAN POWER TECHNOLOGIES
  
  

    
OCEAN NAVITAS, LTD.
  
  

    
OCEAN WAVEMASTER, LTD.
  
  

    
ORECON
  
  

    
PELAMIS WAVE POWER
  
  

    
RENEWABLE ENERGY HOLDINGS
  
  

    
SDE
  
  

    
SEABASED AB
  
  

    
SYNCWAVE SYSTEMS, INC.
  
  

    
TRIDENT ENERGY, LTD.
  
  

    
WAVEBOB
  
  

    
WAVE DRAGON APS
  
  

    
WAVE ENERGY
  
  

    
WAVEGEN
  
  

    
WAVE STAR ENERGY
  



Chapter-9: GLOBAL WIND ENERGY MARKET

  

    
WIND RESOURCES
  
  

    
TABLE 6 DEFINITION OF WIND POWER CLASS AND DENSITY AS   FUNCTION OF SPEED
  
  
  

    
MARKET SIZE
  
  

    
TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   NEW INSTALLATIONS, THROUGH 2013 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
FIGURE 10 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND FORECAST FOR WIND   TURBINE NEW INSTALLATIONS, 2007-2013 ($ BILLIONS)
  
  

    
TABLE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, 2007-2013 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 12 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, 2008 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, 2013 (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 10 EUROPEAN MARKET FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
GERMAN WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 11 GERMANY’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 14 GERMANY’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 12 GERMANY’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
SPAIN’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 13 SPAIN’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE GROWTH   AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 15 SPAIN’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 14 SPAIN’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND   TURBINE CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
ITALY’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 15 ITALY’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE GROWTH   AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 16 ITALY’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 16 ITALY’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
UNITED KINGDOM WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 17 U.K. INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE GROWTH   AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 17 U.K. INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR WIND   TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 18 U.K. CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 19 U.K. WIND ENERGY FARMS UNDER   CONSTRUCTION
  
  
  

    
POLAND’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 20 POLAND’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 18 POLAND’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY   FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 21 POLAND’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TURKEY’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 22 TURKEY’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 19 TURKEY’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY   FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 23 TURKEY’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 24 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
UNITED STATES WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 25 UNITED STATES INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 20 UNITED STATES INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY   FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 26 UNITED STATES CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY   WIND TURBINE CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
REVIEW OF LEADING WIND POWER STATES
  
  

    
TABLE 27 CAPACITY OF WIND TURBINE SYSTEMS BY LEADING   STATE, PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL U.S. WIND POWER, AND TOTAL STATE ELECTRICAL POWER,   2008 (MW/%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 21 UNITED STATES CAPACITY OF WIND TURBINE   SYSTEMS BY LEADING STATES, 2008 (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 22 CAPACITY OF LEADING U.S. WIND POWER LEADING   STATES, 2008 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 23 WIND POWER CAPACITY AS PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL   LEADING STATES ELECTRICAL CAPACITY, 2008 (%)
  
  

    
THE U.S. POWER INDUSTRY AND THE WIND   COMPONENT
  
  

    
TABLE 28 BREAKDOWN OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION SOURCES IN   THE U.S., 2006  (‘000S MWH/%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 24 BREAKDOWN OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION SOURCES IN   THE U.S., 2006 (%)
  
  

    
GROWTH OF THE U.S. WIND POWER INDUSTRY
  
  

    
CANADA’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 29 CANADA’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 25 CANADA’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 30 CANADA’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 31 ASIAN MARKET FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
CHINA’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 32 CHINA’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE GROWTH   AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 26 CHINA’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 33 CHINA’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 27 CHINA’S CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE SHARE OF   WIND TURBINE POWER BY PROVINCE, 2007 (MW)
  
  
  

    
INDIA’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 34 INDIA’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE GROWTH   AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 28 INDIA’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 35 INDIA’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 36 INDIA’S STATE-WISE WIND POWER INSTALLED CAPACITY   (MW)
  
  
  

    
TABLE 37 LATIN AMERICA’S MARKET FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 38 BRAZIL’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 29 BRAZIL’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 39 BRAZIL’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
MEXICO’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 40 MEXICO’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 30 MEXICO’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 41 MEXICO’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 42 AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST MARKET FORECAST FOR WIND   TURBINE CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
EGYPT’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 43 EGYPT’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE GROWTH   AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 31 EGYPT’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 44 EGYPT’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
MORROCO’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 45 MORROCO’S PROPOSED WIND PROJECTS,   2007-2010
  
  

    
TABLE 46 MORROCO’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 32 MORROCO’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 47 MORROCO’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
IRAN’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 48 IRAN’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE GROWTH   AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 33 IRAN’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY FOR   WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 49 IRAN’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE   CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 50 PACIFIC REGION MARKET FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
AUSTRALIA’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 51 AUSTRALIA’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 34 AUSTRALIA’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE   CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 52 AUSTRALIA’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND TURBINE CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
NEW ZEALAND’S WIND ENERGY MARKET
  
  

    
TABLE 53 NEW ZEALAND’S INSTALLED, CUMULATIVE, PERCENTAGE   GROWTH AND PERCENTAGE OF WORLD CAPACITY FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007   (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 35 NEW ZEALAND’S INSTALLED AND CUMULATIVE CAPACITY   FOR WIND TURBINE POWER, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 54 NEW ZEALAND’S CUMULATIVE CAPACITY BY WIND   TURBINE CLASSIFICATION, 2007 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 55 NEW ZEALAND’S PROPOSED WIND FARMS BY REGION,   (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 56 REST OF WORLD MARKET FORECAST FOR WIND TURBINE   CUMULATIVE POWER CAPACITY, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
ADDITIONAL WIND ENERGY MARKET   INFORMATION
  
  

    
WIND TURBINE LOCATION AND SIZE
  
  

    
WIND TURBINE PROJECT CATEGORIES
  
  

    
TABLE 57 WIND TURBINE PROJECT CATEGORIES   (MW)
  
  

    
NAMEPLATE CAPACITY VERSUS TYPICAL   PERFORMANCE
  
  

    
INDUSTRY GROWTH
  



Chapter-10: GLOBAL WAVE ENERGY MARKET

  

    
THE OCEAN WAVE ENERGY RESOURCE
  
  

    
FIGURE 36 WAVE ENERGY LEVELS
  
  

    
WAVE ENERGY MARKET SIZE
  
  

    
TABLE 58 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR WAVE ENERGY   CONVERTING DEVICES, THROUGH 2013 (MW)
  
  

    
FIGURE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR WAVE ENERGY   CONVERTING DEVICES, 2007-2013 (MW)
  
  

    
TABLE 59 NUMBER OF WAVE ENERGY CONVERTING DEVICE   COMPANIES BY COUNTRY, 2007
  
  

    
FIGURE 38 NUMBER OF WAVE ENERGY CONVERTING DEVICE   COMPANIES BY COUNTRY, 2007
  
  

    
TABLE 60 WAVE DEVICES BY TYPE, 2007 (%)
  
  

    
FIGURE 39 WAVE DEVICES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE, 2007   (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 61 WAVE DEVICE COMPANIES BY STAGE OF   DEVELOPMENT
  
  

    
FIGURE 40 WAVE DEVICE COMPANIES BY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT   (%)
  
  

    
TABLE 62 LIST OF WAVE DEVICE COMPANIES
  



Chapter-11: WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKET

  

    
WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  



Chapter-12: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS OF WIND AND WAVE POWER

  

    
WAVE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
  
  

    
FISH AND MARINE LIFE AND ENDANGERED   SPECIES
  
  

    
VISUAL APPEARANCE AND ACOUSTIC NOISE
  
  

    
SEDIMENTARY FLOW PATTERNS
  
  

    
DEVICE FLUID LEAKS
  
  

    
RECREATIONAL
  
  

    
PERMITTING PROCESS IN THE U.S.
  
  

    
THE FERC PROCESS
  
  

    
EXCERPTS FROM WAVE HUB ENVIRONMENTAL   STATEMENT
  
  

    
CASE STUDY WAVE HUB ENERGY PROJECT
  
  

    
WAVE HUB ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING
  
  

    
WIND ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
  
  

    
WIND POWER AND NOISE
  
  

    
VISUAL IMPACTS
  
  

    
AVIAN EFFECTS
  
  

    
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
  
  

    
EXCERPTS FROM CAPEWIND ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL   STUDY
  
  

    
AIR QUALITY
  
  

    
AVIAN
  
  

    
PROTECTED MARINE RESOURCES
  
  

    
FINFISH RESOURCES AND COMMERCIAL/RECREATIONAL   FISHERIES
  
  

    
BENTHIC AND SHELLFISH IMPACTS
  
  

    
SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION
  
  

    
VISUAL RESOURCES
  
  

    
CONSTRUCTION
  
  

    
LAND ALTERATION
  
  

    
WETLANDS
  
  

    
WATER QUALITY
  
  

    
GEOLOGY AND SEDIMENT CONDITIONS
  
  

    
TELECOMMUNICATION
  
  

    
CASE STUDY OF BLOCKED WIND POWER PLANT
  



Chapter-13: WIND AND WAVE POWER MARKET IMPLICATIONS OF THE
KYOTO PROTOCOL AND THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) 

  

    
WIND AND WAVE POWER MARKET….
  
  

    
HOW MUCH RENEWABLE CAPACITY WOULD THE KYOTO PROTOCOL   REQUIRE?
  
  

    
TABLE 63 CARBON OFFSETS POTENTIAL FROM BULK   POWER RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
  
  

    
FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT   MECHANISM
  
  

    
TABLE 64 CDM STATISTICS
  
  

    
WHAT WILL HAPPEN AFTER 2012?
  
  

    
THE PROTOTYPE CARBON FUND
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   AUSTRALIA
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN NEW ZEALAND
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   CANADA
  
  

    
KYOTO IMACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   EUROPEAN UNION
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN POLAND
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN AUSTRIA
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN BELGIUM
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN DENMARK
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN FINLAND
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN FRANCE
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN GERMANY
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN GREECE
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN IRELAND
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN ITALY
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN PORTUGAL
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN SPAIN
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN SWEDEN
  
  

    
KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET   IN THE U.K.
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN LATIN   AMERICA
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   INDIA
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   TURKEY
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKETS IN THE   MAGHREB NATIONS OF NORTH AFRICA
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   CHINA
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   JAPAN
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN THE   PHILIPPINES
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   TAIWAN
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN   SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
  
  

    
KYOTO IMPACT ON THE WIND AND WAVE ENERGY MARKET IN THE   UNITED STATES
  



Chapter-14: WIND AND WAVE MARKET IMPLICATIONS OF ASIA-PACIFIC 
PARTNERSHIP ON CLEAN DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE

  

    
WIND AND WAVE MARKET IMPLICATIONS
  



Chapter-15: U.S. GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND IMPACTS ON 
WIND AND WAVE ENERGY


  

    
U.S. FEDERAL
  
  

    
U.S. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT   AGENCIES
  
  

    
CERTIFICATION
  
  

    
SOUND LEVELS
  
  

    
20% WIND SCENARIO IN 2030
  
  
  

    
RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS
  
  

    
TABLE 65 U.S. STATES WITH RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO   STANDARDS, TARGET AMOUNT AND YEAR (%)
  
  

    
PERMITS AND LOCAL SUPPORT
  
  

    
WIND FARMS VERSUS OTHER POWER STATIONS
  



Chapter-16: WIND TURBINE COMPONENT FUNCTIONALITY

  

    
TABLE 66 WIND TURBINE MAJOR COMPONENTS
  
  

    
ROTOR
  
  

    
TOWER
  
  

    
GEARBOX, BEARINGS, AND DRIVE TRAIN
  
  

    
GENERATOR
  
  

    
NACELLE AND CONTROLS
  
  

    
POWER ELECTRONICS
  



Chapter-17: WIND TURBINE AND COMPONENT TECHNOLOGY ISSUES

  

    

      
INFRASTRUCTURE
    
    

      
OPERATIONS MAINTENANCE AND DOWNTIME
    
    

      
AVAILABILITY
    
    

      
RELIABILITY
    
    

      
BLADES
    
    

      
ELECTRIC AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
    
    

      
TOWERS AND CRANES
    
    

      
GEARBOX AND BEARINGS
    
    

      
MARINE WIND FARMS
    
  



Chapter-18: WIND AND WAVE ASSOCIATIONS AND CONSORTIUMS

  

    
GLOBAL WIND ENERGY COUNCIL
  
  

    
AFRICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
AMERICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
BRITISH WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION (EWEA)
  
  

    
GERMAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
INDIAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
LATIN AMERICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
CANADIAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
IRISH WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
NEW ZEALAND WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
SOUTH AFRICAN WIND ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
WIND ON THE WIRES
  
  

    
AOTEAROA WAVE AND TIDAL ENERGY   ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
EUROPEAN OCEAN ENERGY ASSOCIATION
  
  

    
OCEAN ENERGY COUNCIL
  



Chapter-19: WIND AND WAVE TECHNOLOGY PATENT REVIEW

  

    
PATENTS BY REGION
  
  

    
TABLE 67 WIND ENERGY PATENTS BY REGION, 2002–2007 (NO. OF   PATENTS/%)
  
  

    
SAMPLE WIND PATENT ABSTRACTS
  
  

    
VARIABLE SPEED WIND TURBINE
  
  

    
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR
  
  

    
TOWER FOR A WIND POWER STATION
  
  

    
METHOD FOR CHANGING REMOVABLE BEARING FOR A WIND TURBINE   GENERATOR
  
  

    
COMPOSITE WIND TURBINE ROTOR BLADE AND METHOD FOR MAKING   SAME
  
  

    
TABLE 68 RECENT U.S. PATENTS FOR WIND   TURBINES
  
  
  

    
PATENT LITIGATION IN THE WIND TURBINE   INDUSTRY
  
  

    
REPOWER VS. GE ENERGY
  
  

    
ENERCON VS. U.S. WINDPOWER, INC.
  
  

    
VESTAS VS. ENERCON
  
  

    
SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER VS. AEROMAX
  
  

    
GAMESA VS. GENERAL ELECTRIC
  
  

    
SAMPLE WAVE PATENT ABSTRACTS
  
  

    
WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
  
  

    
WAVE POWER PLANT
  
  

    
BUOYANCY PUMP POWER SYSTEM
  
  

    
WAVE POWER ASSEMBLY WITH AN ELECTROMAGNETIC DAMPENING   MEANS
  



Chapter-20: APPENDIX

  

    
CHINESE RENEWABLE ENERGY LAW
  
  

    
TRIAL MEASURES FOR PRICING AND COST SHARING MANAGEMENT   FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER
  
  

    
Chapter I General Provisions
  
  

    
Chapter II Establishment of Electric Power   Prices
  
  

    
Chapter III Payment and Sharing of   Expenses
  
  
  

    
Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions
  
  

    
MANDATORY RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGET   (MRET)
  
  

    
MANDATORY RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGET OVERVIEW, VERSION 2 AS   UPDATED IN FEBRUARY 2008
  
  

    
Background
  
  

    
Operation of MRET
  
  

    
Interim Target Levels
  
  

    
Liable Parties
  
  

    
Eligible Renewable Energy
  
  

    
Renewable Energy Certificates
  
  

    
Annual Reporting
  
  

    
Role of Regulator
  
  

    
MRET Review Processes
  
  

    
SPAIN’S RD 661/2007
  
  

    
INTRODUCTION
  
  

    
RD 661/2007 - PRINCIPAL ASPECTS
  
  
  

    
EUROPEAN UNION 20 20 20 CLIMATE CHANGE   OPPORTUNITY
  
  

    
SECURING A PROSPEROUS EUROPE IN TIMES OF   CHANGE
  
  
  

    
THE KEY PRINCIPLES
  
  

    
The Tools to Deliver the Targets
  
  

    
Updating the Emissions Trading System
  
  

    
GHG Reductions beyond the ETS
  
  

    
A New Era for Renewable Energy
  
  
  

    
The Role of Energy Efficiency
  
  

    
Looking Beyond 2020: Galvanizing the Potential for Deeper   Cuts in Emissions
  
  

    
Bringing About Change
  
  

    
The Particular Needs of Energy-Intensive   Industries
  
  

    
The Capacity to Invest
  
  

    
Conclusion